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Recent data releases show significant movement on the Indian demographic transition. The share of the youth (aged 15-29) has dropped to 26.7 per cent in 2021 and is projected to go down to 22.6 per cent by 2036. A striking feature of India’s population is that projections of the demographic transition have routinely proved to be on the lower side; the transition has always materialised at a higher pace than was anticipated. The pandemic may well induce a further deceleration in births.
“Demographics is destiny” in many dimensions of thinking about India’s future. On the problem of old age income and
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