DNA

Researchers from Rice University and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, have taken a closer look at one of the ways cells repair broken strands of DNA.They discovered details that could help make a particular enzyme a promising target for precision cancer therapy.Not unlike patching a tire, the job of DNA polymerase theta (aka Pol theta) is to fix double-strand breaks in DNA, bridging the hanging single-stranded ends and catalyzing DNA synthesis across the break, a process known as microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ).MMEJ is complementary to two other processes -- homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining -- that repair DNA double-strand breaks, but with lower fidelity because Pol theta is prone to mutation, insertion, and deletion errors.But therein lies the advantage: MMEJ needs Pol theta to repair a double strand.A new study by Rice and St. Jude's researchers in the journal Nucleic Acids Research reveals for the first time the ...

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A new way to name bacteria: 300-year-old system revised thanks to scientific advances

According to new research, viral DNA embedded in human genomes from ancient infections acts as antivirals, protecting human cells from certain modern viruses.The paper "Evolution and Antiviral Activity of a Human Protein of Retroviral Origin," published in the journal Science, demonstrates the effect in principle.Previous research has shown that endogenous retroviruses, fragments of ancient viral DNA found in the genomes of mice, chickens, cats, and sheep, provide immunity against modern viruses that originate outside the body by preventing them from entering host cells. Despite the fact that this research was done on human cells in culture, it shows that endogenous retroviruses have an antiviral effect on humans.The study is significant because it could discover a pool of natural antiviral proteins that could lead to treatments without autoimmune side effects. The research suggests the existence of a genome defence system that has yet to be identified but could be quite ...

Swedish scientist Svante Paabo won the Nobel Prize in medicine Monday for discoveries on human evolution that unlocked secrets of Neanderthal DNA that helped us understand what makes humans unique and provided key insights into our immune system, including our vulnerability to severe COVID-19. Techniques that Paabo spearheaded allowed researchers to compare the genome of modern humans and that of other hominins the Denisovans as well as Neanderthals. Just as you do an archeological excavation to find out about the past, we sort of make excavations in the human genome, he said at a news conference held by Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig. While Neanderthal bones were first discovered in the mid-19th century, only by understanding their DNA often referred to as the code of life have scientists been able to fully understand the links between species. This included the time when modern humans and Neanderthals diverged as a species, around 800,000 years a

During a recent study researchers have discovered how mitochondrial function, and dysfunction, play critical roles in numerous diseases, and even ageing.

It's expected that genome-based research will help develop highly effective diagnostic tools and treatments for diseases

Last week, scientists completed sequencing the human genome, the goal of a project that began in October 1990

The criminal procedure law erodes fundamental rights

May have dire implications if Covid-19 not brought under control soon

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Scientists have sequenced the world's oldest DNA recovered from the remains of mammoths

On Thursday, CDSCO also approved Zydus Cadila's plasmid DNA vaccine candidate ZyCoV-D, developed at its Vaccine Technology Centre in Ahmedabad.

The clinical trial led by investigators at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute was detailed in the journal The Lancet Oncology

The sequencing of the genome of the Indian cobra could soon lead to improvements in the techniques used for producing anti-venom

Look at the people from other South-East Asian countries where rice is more a staple than in India. How many of them are overweight or obese?

Hachimoji DNA could be a far more durable way to store digital data that could last for centuries

The genetic code is being used in many ways - from investigating crime to drawing up a personalised diet plan, tracing one's ancestry and even as artwork

The book is brilliantly lucid in its explanations of methodology, and specific studies. It's written from a standpoint of humility.

India has a proposal that would make it mandatory for anybody making a police complaint to provide a DNA sample