“Roughly one-in-five people globally who are under the age of 25 live in India,” according to an analysis by Pew Research Center.
India’s total fertility rate, or number of children born per woman, was 5.73 compared to a global rate of 4.86 in 1950. In 2022, India’s rate was estimated to be 2.01 while the global rate is 2.31. China’s declined from 5.81 in 1950 to 1.18 in 2022.
Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) shows that the fertility rate in urban India has fallen from 2.06 in 2005-06 to 1.63 in 2019-21. The decline in rural India was from 2.98 to 2.14 in the same period.
In 2022, more than 487,000 people migrated from India. As per the UN projections, the country is likely to face net negative migration till 2100.
Pew Research Center highlights, “India’s net migration has not always been negative. As recently as 2016, India gained an estimated 68,000 people due to migration (likely to be a result of an increase in asylum-seeking Rohingya fleeing Myanmar). India also recorded increases in net migration on several occasions in the second half of the 20th century”.
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