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CPI-based Inflation

About CPI-based Inflation

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What is CPI-based Inflation or Retail Inflation

When we talk about the rate of inflation, it often refers to the rate of inflation based on the consumer price index (CPI). The CPI tracks the change in retail prices of goods and services which households purchase for their daily consumption.
 
To measure inflation, we estimate how much CPI has increased in terms of percentage change over the same period the previous year. If prices have fallen, it is known as deflation (negative inflation). The Central Bank (RBI) pays very close attention to this figure in its role of maintaining price stability in the economy.
 
The CPI monitors retail prices at a certain level for a particular commodity; price movement of goods and services at rural, urban and all-India levels. The change in the price index over a period of time is referred to as CPI-based inflation, or retail inflation.
 
Generally, CPI is used as a macroeconomic indicator of inflation, as a tool by the central bank and government for inflation targeting and for inspecting price stability, and as deflator in the national accounts.
 
CPI also helps understand the real value of salaries, wages, and pensions, the purchasing power of the nation’s currency, and regulating rates. CPI, one of the most important statistics to ascertain economic health, is generally based on the weighted average of the prices of commodities. It basically gives an idea of the cost of the standard of living.
 
Simply put, CPI specifically identifies periods of deflation or inflation for consumers in their day-to-day living expenses. If there is inflation (when goods and services cost more) the CPI will rise over a period of time. If the CPI drops, that means there is deflation, or a steady reduction in the prices of goods and services.
 
How is CPI calculated (CPI formula)?
 
To calculate CPI, multiply 100 to the fraction of the cost price of the current period and the base period.
 
CPI formula: (Price of basket in current period / Price of basket in base period) x 100
 

Latest Updates on CPI-based Inflation

Assam, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Odisha, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, and Delhi experienced higher rural inflation than urban inflation

Updated On: 07 Feb 2023 | 9:15 AM IST

CPI inflation was at 6.7% in July, the first time in four months that the price gauge fell below 7%

Updated On: 26 Aug 2022 | 11:36 PM IST

Companies have moved toward lighter loads in their cheapest packages amid rising costs of edible oils, grains and fuel

Updated On: 13 May 2022 | 8:20 AM IST

For the RBI, a correct reading of its mandate would have been that the inflation target is 4%, not 6%. And action to raise interest rates should have begun last year, writes T N Ninan

Updated On: 06 May 2022 | 10:42 PM IST

CLOSING BELL: Axis Bank, Kotak Bank, Maruti Suzuki, Power Grid, SBI Life, and ICICI Bank were the top winners on the benchmark indices, rising upwards of 0.5 per cent each

Updated On: 12 Apr 2022 | 3:47 PM IST

The committee held the lending rate, or the repo rate , at 4%. The reverse repo rate, or the key borrowing rate, was also maintained at 3.35%

Updated On: 08 Dec 2021 | 11:36 AM IST

Central bank maintains FY22 GDP forecast at 9.5 per cent and projected retail inflation to be at 5.3 per cent.

Updated On: 08 Dec 2021 | 11:10 AM IST

Repo rate and the reverse repo rate remain unchanged at 4% and 3.35%

Updated On: 08 Oct 2021 | 12:25 PM IST

Stocks on Wall Street at first took the CPI data in stride, bidding up technology stocks that typically thrive with low interest rates

Updated On: 14 Jul 2021 | 6:34 AM IST

At a time of declining incomes, people don't have money. So they do not buy. If they don't buy, prices must fall, not increase. What, then, explains the inflation? T C A Srinivasa Raghavan explores

Updated On: 05 Jul 2021 | 8:21 AM IST

Revision of CPI and GDP base years from 2011-12 and 2012, respectively, was dependent on the outcomes of the consumer expenditure survey of 2017-18, which the govt junked sometime back

Updated On: 30 Apr 2021 | 11:28 PM IST

The second wave could increase risk for the banking system

Updated On: 27 Apr 2021 | 10:22 PM IST

The manufacturing sector output contraced by 3.7 per cent in February, while the mining output declined by 5.5 per cent. Meanwhile, the power generation grew by 0.1 per cent

Updated On: 12 Apr 2021 | 7:26 PM IST

The WPI inflation was 1.22 per cent in December, 2020 and 3.52 per cent in January last year

Updated On: 15 Feb 2021 | 12:48 PM IST

RBI has done exceptionally well in managing government's extended borrowing this year when fiscal deficit has shot-up to 9.5 per cent of GDP

Updated On: 05 Feb 2021 | 2:36 PM IST

Higher inflation projection rules out any rate cut possibility in the first half of FY22; bond yield jumps

Updated On: 05 Feb 2021 | 1:04 PM IST

There are dedicated ombudsman schemes devoted to consumer grievance redressal in banking, non-bank finance companies and digital transactions, respectively, at present

Updated On: 05 Feb 2021 | 12:51 PM IST

Projection for CPI-based inflation revised to 5.2% for Q4 of FY21, for H1 of FY22 at 5% to 5.2%, and for Q3 of FY22 at 4.3%

Updated On: 05 Feb 2021 | 11:12 AM IST

The other signals expected from the policy related to the rollback of measures announced during the pandemic

Updated On: 05 Feb 2021 | 12:21 PM IST

The central bank had slashed the repo rate by 115 basis points since late March 2020 to support growth

Updated On: 05 Feb 2021 | 10:34 AM IST