Ukraine's Zelenskyy hosts talks with UN chief, Erdogan on grain export

As a potential power broker, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan will use his first visit to Ukraine since the war started nearly six months ago to seek ways to expand grain exports fom Europe's breadbasket to the world's needy.

U.N. Secretary-General Antnio Guterres will use his visit to focus on containing the volatile situation at a Russian-occupied nuclear power plant.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy is hosting both men Thursday far away from the front lines, in the western Ukrainian city of Lviv, where diplomatic efforts to help end the war will also be on the agenda.

Meanwhile, the screams of incoming shells are still overpowering the whispers of diplomacy.

 

At least 11 people were killed and 40 wounded in massive Russian missile strikes on Ukraine's Kharkiv region on Wednesday night and Thursday morning.

The late Wednesday attack on Kharkiv, Ukraine's second-largest city, killed at least seven people, wounded 20 others and damaged residential buildings and civilian infrastructure, authorities said.

The Russian Defense Ministry on Thursday claimed it targeted a temporary base of foreign mercenaries in Kharkiv, killing 90 of them.

Further heightening international tensions, Russia has deployed warplanes carrying its state-of-the-art hypersonic missiles to the country's Kaliningrad region, an enclave surrounded by two NATO nations.

U.N. spokesman Stephane Dujarric said the three leaders will also discuss the situation at the Russian-controlled Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant in southern Ukraine, which is Europe's largest nuclear plant.

Moscow and Kyiv have accused each other of shelling the complex.

In his nightly video address, Zelensky reaffirmed his demand for the Russian military to leave the plant, emphasizing that only absolute transparency and control of the situation" by, among others, the U.N.'s International Atomic Energy Agency, could guarantee a return to nuclear safety.

Russia played up the threats the plant posed in wartime. Lt. Gen. Igor Kirillov, the commander of the Russian military's radiological, chemical and biological protection forces, charged that the Ukrainian troops were planning to strike the plant again Friday while Guterres will still be visiting Ukraine in order to accuse Russia of nuclear terrorism.

Ukraine has steadfastly denied that it's targeting the plant.

Kirillov said an emergency at the plant could see "a discharge of radioactive substances into the atmosphere and spreading them to hundreds of kilometers away ... An emergency of this kind will cause massive migration and will have more catastrophic consequences than the looming gas energy crisis in Europe.

With such stakes, the role of a go-between like Erdogan could become ever more important.

Erdogan, whose nation is a member of NATO, which backs Ukraine in the war, also oversees a wobbly economy that has been increasingly reliant on Russia for trade.

That backdrop turns Thursday's meetings in Lviv into a walk on a diplomatic tightrope. Earlier this month, the Turkish leader met in southern Russia on the same issues with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Erdogan is to have a one-hour meeting with Zelenskyy before both are joined by Guterres.

Last month, Turkey and the U.N. helped broker an agreement clearing the way for Ukraine to export 22 million tonnes of corn and other grain stuck in its Black Sea ports since Russia invaded on Feb. 24.

A separate memorandum between Russia and the U.N. aimed to clear roadblocks to shipments of Russian food and fertiliser to world markets.

The war and the blocked exports have significantly exacerbated the global food crisis because Ukraine and Russia are major suppliers.

Grain prices peaked after Russia's invasion. They have since dropped but remain significantly higher than before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Developing countries have been hit particularly hard by supply shortages and high prices and the U.N. has declared several African nations at risk of famine.

Yet even with the deal, only a trickle of Ukrainian grain exports have made it out so far. Turkey's Defense Ministry said more than 622,000 tons of grain have been shipped from Ukrainian ports since the deal.

If grain transports and nuclear security are issues where some progress could be made Thursday, talks about an overall end to the war that has killed untold thousands and forced over 10 million Ukrainians to flee their homes weren't expected to yield anything substantive.

In March, Turkey hosted a round of talks in Istanbul between Russian and Ukrainian negotiators, who discussed a possible deal to end the hostilities. The talks fell apart, with both sides blaming each other.

Erdogan has engaged in a delicate balancing act, maintaining good relations with both Russia and Ukraine.

Turkey has provided Ukraine with drones, which played a significant role in deterring a Russian advance early in the conflict, but it has refrained from joining Western sanctions against Russia over the war.

Turkey, facing a major economic crisis with official inflation near 80%, increasingly relies on Russia for trade and tourism.

Russian gas covers 45% of Turkish energy needs, and Russia's atomic agency is building Turkey's first nuclear power plant.

Sinan Ulgen of the Istanbul-based EDAM think thank characterised Turkey's diplomatic policy as being pro-Ukraine without being anti-Russia.

During their meeting in Sochi this month, Putin and Erdogan agreed to bolster energy, financial and other ties between their countries, raising concerns in the West that Ankara could help Moscow bypass the U.S. and European Union sanctions.

Turkey believed that it did not have the luxury to totally alienate Russia, Ulgen said noting that Turkey also needed Russia's support in Syria to avert a new refugee crisis.

Turkey has a dependence on Russia in the area of national security.

He noted that Turkey has not recognised Russia's 2014 annexation of the Crimea Peninsula from Ukraine but "at the same time it's the only NATO country not to have implemented sanctions against Russia.