February's record 5.8 per cent inflation rate and the prospect of an even higher reading in March intensified pressure on the bank to act in line with its inflation-busting mandate
The euro touched a 22-month low of $1.0804 earlier in the week, with investors expecting the crisis in Ukraine to have a sizeable impact on European growth.
The statement from the central bank, released at 1245 GMT sent the yield of euro zone government bonds sharply higher and saw the dollar index reverse into negative territory
Sterling rose 0.4% against the dollar to $1.3148, Poland's zloty jumped 1.8% against the greenback to 4.3808 and Hungary's forint surged 2.8% to 345.80.
Other European currencies such as Poland's zloty and Hungary's forint rebounded from record lows against the euro, both supported also by their central banks' sharp interest rate hikes on Tuesday.
The European Central Bank's plans to dial back stimulus have been upended by Russia's invasion of Ukraine
The European Central Bank said early Monday that the bank had 13.6 billion euros in assets at the end of last year, but has experienced "significant deposit outflows" due to "geopolitical tensions"
The euro was last at $1.1218, up 0.24%, having plunged to as low as $1.1106 on Thursday, its lowest since May 2020
The euro was up 0.1% against the dollar at $1.1340 after hitting its lowest on Tuesday since Feb. 14 at $1.1286
The U.S. dollar, edged 0.2% lower at 95.938 against a basket of currencies including the euro, as investors await further developments in the crisis
Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered troops to two breakaway regions in Ukraine, sending the euro one-month volatility to its highest level since November 2020
The MSCI world equity index, which tracks shares in 50 countries, was up 0.3% on the day at 1203 GMT, its first gain after three days of drops, each exceeding 0.9%
Against the greenback, the single currency climbed 0.4% to $1.1346, and within striking distance of Monday's high of $1.1369 as European stock futures rebounded on the news
German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, who heads to Kyiv on Monday and Moscow for talks with President Vladimir Putin on Tuesday, warned of sanctions if Moscow invaded Ukraine
US consumer prices showed the biggest annual increase in 40 years, data released late on Thursday showed
The performance in Asian stocks was sharply divided between Chinese equities and the rest of the region
The euro edged up on Wednesday but was off Friday's three-week high, as traders looked for clues as to when the European Central Bank will hike interest rates
The Australian dollar got a bit of a lift as continued gains in global stocks boosted the mood for risk taking
Currencies broadly traded little changed as the market awaits U.S. consumer price data on Thursday
Euro zone bond yields edged lower on Tuesday but many in the currency market were still concerned that a sharp rise in bond yields could weigh on the prospects of a broad-based economic recovery