Can India learn a thing or two from the PLA's modular land force?

India can significantly benefit from studying the People's Liberation Army (PLA) modular land force, which emphasizes rapid, agile deployment through smaller, combined-arms "brigade-centric" units. Key lessons include accelerating theatre commands, enhancing high-altitude logistics, and integrating advanced digital battlefield systems, particularly to counter the PLA Western Theatre Command. 

Key areas where India can draw lessons from the PLA's modular reforms include:

• Modular, Brigade-Centric Structure: The PLA shifted from large divisions to smaller, versatile combined-arms brigades that can operate independently or combine, allowing for faster, more adaptable battlefield deployment.
• High-Altitude Logistics and Technology: The PLA has demonstrated advanced, modular logistical support in high-altitude areas, including automated, containerized systems for fuel, medical care, and food to support soldiers in tough terrain.
• Theater-Based Command Structure: The PLA’s 2015 reforms created a streamlined, theater-based system that forces jointness, forcing commanders to be proficient in integrating army, navy, air force, and missile forces, reducing traditional army dominance.
• Digitalization of Operations: The PLA emphasizes "battlefield transparency" through widespread drone usage, AI-assisted decision-making, and secure, high-speed communication systems to enable swift, networked warfare. 

However, the Vivekananda International Foundation report notes that the PLA's reliance on conscripts creates vulnerabilities, allowing India's professional army to maintain an edge in endurance and experience. While India is implementing similar reforms through theatre commands and a Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), it must tailor these to its own strategic environment and professional military culture.